Fig 1.
Flow diagram for the study.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical data.
Table 2.
Linear regression analysis of variables associated with the percentage discrepancy between urine protein/creatinine ratio and 24h urine protein excretion.
Fig 2.
Association of urine specific gravity and the percentage discrepancy between urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) and 24-hour urine protein excretion (24h-UP).
for dilute urine, UPCR overestimates 24h-UP. As the urine specific gravity increases, UPCR underestimates 24h-UP. Dot: mean; bar: 95% confidence interval.
Fig 3.
Relationship between urine specific gravity and creatinine concentration.
Urine specific gravity is positively correlated with urine creatinine concentration. Dot: mean; bar: 95% confidence interval.
Fig 4.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of urine creatinine concentration (Ucrea; mg/dL) for predicting urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) accuracy.
ROC curves of urine creatinine concentration predicted overestimation of daily protein excretion by UPCR in urine samples with specific gravity ≦ 1.005 (panel A: specific gravity category group 1, n = 46; cut-off value result: Ucrea ≦ 38.8 mg/dL), and predicted underestimation in those specific gravity ≧ 1.015 (panel B: specific gravity category groups 3–6, n = 371; cut-off value result: Ucrea ≧ 63.6 mg/dL), in those specific gravity ≧ 1.020 (panel C: specific gravity category groups 4–6, n = 189; cut-off value result: Ucrea ≧ 62.1 mg/dL), and in those specific gravity ≧ 1.025 (panel D; specific gravity category groups 5–6, n = 57; cut-off value result: Ucrea ≧ 61.5 mg/dL), respectively. Abbreviation: AUC, area under curve.
Fig 5.
Histograms of urine creatinine concentration of the 24h urine cohort (A) and the spot urine cohort (B).
Urine samples were categorized into 6 groups according to urine specific gravity. The Y-axis indicated the percentage of frequency in the particular category. The correlation between the two cohorts in each group was presented with intraclass correlation coefficients.
Fig 6.
Histograms of quantitative daily protein excretion of the 24h urine cohort (A) and the spot urine cohort (B).
Urine samples were categorized into 6 groups according to urine specific gravity. The Y-axis indicated the percentage of frequency in the particular category. The correlation between the two cohorts in each group was presented with intraclass correlation coefficients.