Fig 1.
Experimental Procedure Flow Chart.
PT = prothromobin time; PTT = partial thromboplastin time; ACT = activated clotting time; CBC = complete blood count.
Fig 2.
A multiplanar reconstruction of the 2D black-blood scan was performed on a pig with a graft placed between the common carotid artery and external jugular vein in the neck. The sagittal plane (a) and transverse plane (b) of the vein-graft anastomosis region were used to locate the cross-section with the smallest open lumen area at the vein-graft anastomosis (c). The graft wall and vessel lumens appear hypointense (black) in black-blood imaging. The spiral support around the graft is also hypointense and visible along the graft wall in (b). The face of the plane indicated by the dashed line in (a) and (b) is shown in (c). The lumen and graft cross-sectional areas were measured as shown in (d) using the region-of-interest pencil tool in Osirix.
Fig 3.
Hyperplasia-to-graft (H/G) ratio analysis example.
The dashed line in the cartoon of the vein and graft on the left indicates the approximate region at the vein-graft anastomosis where the histological section, shown on the right, was collected. A line was drawn across the mouth of the graft on a digitized image of the histological section then the areas of the graft and the hyperplasia growing into the lumen of the graft were measured using NIH Image J and are shown on the histology image. The table shows the sum of the areas of the hyperplasia and the graft and then the H/G ratio results for that histological section.
Fig 4.
Point-of-care activated clotting times (ACT) in whole blood from heparin-treated (control), ANV-6L15-treated and TAP-ANV-treated animals.
Blood was collected before (pre) and immediately after (post) AVG creation surgery. There was no significant difference between paired pre-operative and post-operative values in any group. The bars represent means ± SD.
Fig 5.
Activated clotting times (ACT) of normal porcine whole blood after the addition of TAP-ANV or with no drug.
*p<0.005 when compared with no drug. The bars represent means ± SD.
Table 1.
Plasma coagulation test results.
Table 2.
Serum chemistries.
Fig 6.
Effect of anti-thrombotic fusion protein treatment on open lumen area determined by MR imaging.
Control = heparin-treated. A value of 100 would indicate the graft lumen was completely open in the vein-graft anastomosis cross-section; a value of 0 would indicate the lumen of the graft was completely occluded. There was no significant difference in the open lumen area amongst treatment groups. The bars represent means ± SD.
Fig 7.
Effect of anti-thrombotic fusion protein treatment on hyperplasia-to-graft (H/G) ratios determined by histomorphometry.
Control = heparin-treated. A value of 1.0 would indicate the graft was fully occluded with hyperplasia. A value of 0.0 would indicate no hyperplasia. There was no significant difference in the H/G ratio amongst the treatments groups. The bars represent means ± SD.