Table 1.
Soil bulk density and soil water content of 20 cm layers in the top 0–200 cm soil profile of the experimental field.
Fig 1.
The monthly precipitation in 2012 to 2014 and the average value during the recent 15 years (Average 15).
Precipitations amounts from July to December were not measured in 2014.
Table 2.
The target soil relative water content (θt) and actual soil relative water content (θa) in the supplemental irrigation (SI) treatments (W2, W3 and W4) after jointing and anthesis in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing season, the amount of supplemental irrigation (CIR) is also indicated.
Fig 2.
Soil relative water content in 0–200 cm soil profiles after irrigation and at maturity of different treatments in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Rainfed (W0), a local SI with 60 mm each at jointing and anthesis (W1), SI by measuring 0–20 cm (W2), 0–40 cm (W3), and 0–60 cm (W4) soil moisture and brought the soil moisture to 65% field capacity (FC) at jointing and 70% FC at anthesis. Error bars represent standard errors of the means (P<0.05).
Fig 3.
Root length density (RLD) at anthesis in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Error bars represent standard errors of the means (P<0.05).
Fig 4.
Photosynthetic rate (Pn, A and B), transpiration rate (Tr, C and D) and stomatal conductance (gs, E and F) during grain filling in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Error bars represent standard errors of the means (P<0.05).
Fig 5.
Dry matter accumulation in different organs of the plant at anthesis and maturity from different treatments in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Error bars represent standard errors of the means (P<0.05).
Table 3.
The dry matter remobilization pre-anthesis and accumulation post-anthesis and their contribution to grain of different treatments in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Fig 6.
Increase in 1000-grain weight during grain filling in winter wheat plants grown in plots in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Error bars represent standard errors of the means (P<0.05).
Table 4.
Logistic equations used to model grain filling and estimates of the duration of grain filling (T) and the mean rate of grain filling (Va) for winter wheat plants grown in plots receiving no supplemental irrigation (W0), local SI practice with 60 mm both at jointing and anthesis (W1) or supplemental irrigation determined by measuring 0–20 cm (W2), 0–40 cm (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil profile moisture, respectively.
Table 5.
The crop evapotranspiration (ETc), 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons.
Table 6.
The correlation coefficient between grain yield, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), dry matter remobilization (DMR), dry matter accumulation postanthesis (DMAp), grain filling rate (GFR), and duration of grain filling (DGF) (n = 30).