Table 1.
Summary of samples from ALS patients (ALS) and from non-ALS patients (Non-ALS).
Table 2.
Summary of samples from ALS patients (ALS) categorized according to MFO and from non-ALS patients (Non-ALS).
Fig 1.
Correlations between the levels of IFN-γ and disease progression.
Fig 1A-C show the correlations between the CSF IFN-γ levels and the DPR, ALSFRS-r, and MFO in the ALS patients. The IFN-γ levels in CSF positively correlate with the DPR (A) and the MFO (C) but not the ALSFRS-r score (B). Fig 1D-F show the correlations between the serum IFN-γ levels and the DPR, the ALSFRS-r score, and the MFO in the ALS patients. The IFN-γ level in serum significantly correlate with the DPR (D) but not the ALSFRS-r score (E) or the MFO (F).
Fig 2.
The levels of IFN-γ in CSF and serum of ALS patients with bulbar or limb onset and their correlations with disease progression.
Fig 2A shows the levels of IFN-γ in CSF of ALS patients with bulbar or limb onset. There are significant differences in the CSF levels of IFN-γ in ALS patients (both bulbar and limb onset) compared with non-ALS patients (P<0.01), but no difference is observed between the bulbar and limb onset subgroups (P>0.05). Fig 2B-C show the correlations between the CSF IFN-γ levels and the DPR. The CSF IFN-γ levels do not correlate with the DPR in bulbar onset patients (B) but positively correlate with the DPR in limb onset patients (C). Fig 2D shows the levels of IFN-γ in serum of ALS patients with bulbar or limb onset. There are significant differences in the serum levels of IFN-γ in ALS patients (both bulbar and limb onset) compared with non-ALS patients (P<0.01), but no difference is observed between the bulbar and limb onset subgroups (P>0.05). Fig 2E-F show the correlations between the serum IFN-γ levels and the DPR. The serum IFN-γ levels do not correlate with the DPR in bulbar onset patients (E) but positively correlate with the DPR in limb onset patients (F). * indicates significant differences (p<0.01) in the CSF or serum IFN-γ levels between the ALS patients (both bulbar and limb onset) and the non-ALS patients.
Fig 3.
The levels of IFN-γ in CSF and serum of ALS patients stratified according to MFO and their correlations with disease progression.
Fig 3A shows the levels of IFN-γ in CSF of ALS patients stratified according to MFO. There are significant differences in both ALS subgroups (ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m) compared with the non-ALS patients (P<0.01), and a difference is detected between the ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m subgroups (P<0.01). Fig 3B-C show the correlations between the CSF IFN-γ levels and the DPR in the ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m subgroups. The CSF IFN-γ levels positively correlate with the DPR in both subgroups. Fig 3D shows the levels of IFN-γ in serum of ALS patients stratified according to MFO. There are significant differences in both ALS subgroups (ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m) compared with the non-ALS patients (P<0.01), but no difference is observed between the ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m subgroups (P>0.05). Fig 3E-F show the correlations between the serum IFN-γ levels and the DPR in ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m subgroups. The serum IFN-γ levels positively correlate with the DPR in the ALS<12 m subgroup but not in the ALS≥12 m subgroup. * indicates significant differences (p<0.01) in the CSF or serum IFN-γ levels between the ALS patients (both ALS<12 m and ALS≥12 m) and the non-ALS patients. # indicates a significant difference (p<0.01) in the CSF IFN-γ levels between the ALS≥12 m and ALS<12 m subgroups.