Fig 1.
The tripartite emotion expression and perception (TEEP) model (based on Brunswik's lens model).
The terms “push” and “pull” refer to the internal and the external determinants of the emotional expression, respectively, distinguished in the lower and upper parts of the figure. D = distal cues; P = percepts. Adapted from p. 120 in Scherer [36].
Fig 2.
Graphic illustration for the Lens Model Equation.
Fig 3.
Graphic illustration for an extended model (path analysis with separate distal and proximal cues).
Table 1.
Eight acoustic parameters selected for the LME analyses.
Table 2.
Scales used for the voice ratings, translations, and terms used in the study with French-speaking raters.
Table 3.
Summary of five LMEs (four emotion families and arousal) for both corpora based on eight acoustic parameters (same parameters used in all models) or eight averaged voice ratings (same voice scales in all models).
Fig 4.
Conceptual representation of the TEEP path model.
Table 4.
Prediction of perceived emotions by proximal percepts, distal cues, and expressed emotions, including standardized partial regression coefficients, R2, and incremental R2.
Table 5.
Prediction of proximal percepts by distal cues and expressed emotions, including standardized partial regression coefficients, R2, and incremental R2.
Table 6.
Prediction of distal cues by expressed emotions including standardized partial regression coefficients and R2.
Fig 5.
Standardized path coefficients of the estimated model for anger (data merged for MUC and GVA).
Only significant path coefficients are shown (p < .02). Significant paths with an absolute value > .2 are depicted in black, significant paths with an absolute value < .2 are depicted in black. int. = intensity; r. energy = relative energy.
Fig 6.
Standardized path coefficients of the estimated model for arousal (data merged for MUC and GVA).
Only significant path coefficients are shown (p < .02). Significant paths with an absolute value > .2 are depicted in black. Significant paths with an absolute value < .2 are depicted in black. int. = intensity; r. energy = relative energy.
Fig 7.
Standardized path coefficients of the estimated model for fear (data merged for MUC and GVA).
Only significant path coefficients are shown (p < .02). Significant paths with an absolute value > .2 are depicted in black. Significant paths with an absolute value < .2 are depicted in black.
Fig 8.
Standardized path coefficients of the estimated model for sadness (data merged for MUC and GVA).
Only significant path coefficients are shown (p < .02). Significant paths with an absolute value > .2 are depicted in black. Significant paths with an absolute value < .2 are depicted in black.
Table 7.
Standardized direct, total indirect, and total effects from expressed emotion to perceived emotion.