Table 1.
Languages and researchers involved in this study.
Fig 1.
Elements of other-initiated repair.
Repair sequences consist of a repair initiator that points back to a prior turn (trouble source) and points forward to a next turn (repair solution) [3].
Fig 2.
Empirical density curve showing the proportion of independent repair initiations encountered after a given amount of time has elapsed since the last one. The vast majority of repair initiations happen within 5 minutes of each other.
Fig 3.
The probability of Open repair initiators in different conditions.
Model estimates of the probability of Open repair initiator in reference condition (grey) versus when all three measures of trouble-prone contexts are true (black). In the latter case, probability of an Open repair initiator approaches 1 in all of the languages.
Fig 4.
Density plot of actual conservation ratios of each case in the data set (black line), with an average near 1:1; and of conservation ratios from a permutation test using randomly chosen trouble source turns (grey line), with an average of 1:1.7, closer to a null hypothesis for conservation (simulation and further explanation in S4 Text). On average, the length of the two-turn repair sequence matches the length of the trouble source turn.
Fig 5.
Division of labour in repair sequences.
Estimated average relative costs paid by B (left of mark) and A (right of mark) for different repair initiator types are similar in each language. B pays more of the cost as repair initiators become more specific.