Fig 1.
The Balto-Slavic populations analyzed in this study and the tree of Balto-Slavic languages.
The map (lower panel) shows the geographical distribution of Balto-Slavic populations (colored areas) within Europe. The symbols on the map represent the geographic location of the populations genotyped. The map was created in the GeneGeo software as described previously [68,75]. A manually constructed consensus phylogenetic tree of the Balto-Slavic languages (upper panel) is based on the StarlingNJ, NJ, BioNJ, UPGMA, Bayesian MCMC, Unweighted Maximum Parsimony methods. Ternary nodes resulting from neighboring binary nodes were joined together if the temporal distance between them was ≤ 300 years. StarlingNJ dates are proposed (S2 File).
Fig 2.
Genetic structure of the Balto-Slavic populations within a European context according to the three genetic systems.
a) PC1vsPC3 plot based on autosomal SNPs (PC1 = 0.53; PC3 = 0.26); b) MDS based on NRY data (stress = 0.13); c) MDS based on mtDNA data (stress = 0.20). We focus on PC1vsPC3 because PC2 (S1 Fig) whilst differentiating the Volga region populations from the rest of Europeans had a low efficiency in detecting differences among the Balto-Slavic populations–the primary focus of this work.
Fig 3.
Ancestry proportions of 1,194 individuals as revealed by ADMIXTURE.
Fig 4.
Distribution of the average number of IBD segments between groups of East-West Slavs (a), South Slavs (b), and their respective geographic neighbors.
The x-axis indicates ten classes of IBD segment length (in cM); the y-axis indicates the average number of shared IBD segments per pair of individuals within each length class.
Fig 5.
Correlations between matrices of genetic, geographic and linguistic distances among Balto-Slavic populations.