Fig 1.
Summary of study search and selection.
Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
Table 2.
Descriptions of Asbestos Exposure and Smoking of Included Studies.
Table 3.
Descriptions of Outcome of Included Studies.
Fig 2.
Random-effects meta-analysis of the synergistic effect between asbestos exposure and smoking cause lung cancer- Case control studies.
(A) Summary odds ratio of asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A+S-) compared with not asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A-S-). (B) Summary odds ratio of non-exposure to asbestos and smoking (A-S+) compared with not asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A-S-). (C) Summary odds ratio of asbestos-exposed and smoking (A+S+) compared with not asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A-S-).
Table 4.
Effect of the Exposure to Asbestos (A) and/or Cigarette Smoking (S) on Lung Cancer Risk.
Table 5.
Effect of the Exposure to Asbestos (A) and/or Cigarette Smoking (S) on Lung Cancer Risk in Case-Control Studies, Stratified by smoking levels.
Fig 3.
Random-effects meta-analysis of the synergistic effect between asbestos exposure and smoking cause lung cancer- Cohort study.
(A) Summary relative risk of asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A+S-) compared with not asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A-S-). (B) Summary relative risk of non-exposure to asbestos and smoking (A-S+) compared with not asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A-S-). (C) Summary relative risk of asbestos-exposed and smoking (A+S+) compared with not asbestos-exposed and non-smoking (A-S-).
Table 6.
Synergy and Multiplicative Indices between Asbestos Exposure and Cigarette Smoking.