Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics.
Table 2.
Tumor types in 43 patients treated with irreversible electroporation of malignant liver tumors.
Fig 1.
A 71-year old women with centrally located metastasis of colorectal cancer in Couinaud segment VIII of the liver.
(A) On pre-interventional contrast-enhanced portal venous image the right hepatic vein (thin arrows) is directly adjacent to the hepatic metastasis (only partly shown on this layer, arrow heads). (B) The post-interventional image 3 days after IRE shows that the right hepatic vein (thin arrows) is encased by the ablation zone (thick arrows), but no vessel narrowing or thrombotic changes are detectable.
Table 3.
The type and number of vessels adjacent to the ablation zone and number of vessels with vascular alterations with regard to their localization.
Table 4.
Patients with vascular changes at subacute follow-up imaging (i.e. 1–3 days after ablation), type of altered vessel, location of vessel with regard to IRE ablation zone and IRE needles, kind of vascular alteration, vessel diameter at subacute follow-up imaging and its evolution at follow-up imaging.
Fig 2.
Percentage and absolute numbers of vessels with/without alterations with regard to their location to ablation zone.
Fig 3.
A 63-year old women (patient #4) with centrally located metastasis (not shown) of colorectal cancer.
(A) Pre-interventional contrast-enhanced T1w magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a freely perfused right branch of the portal vein (thin arrow). (B) A T1w MRI image obtained on the 3rd post-interventional day shows a caliber reduction of the right portal vein (thin arrow) encased by the ablation zone (thick arrows). (C) 6 weeks after the intervention, the lumen reduction of the right portal vein has resolved (thin arrow).
Fig 4.
A 75-year old man (patient #15) with hepatocellular carcinoma.
(A) Pre-interventional contrast-enhanced T1w magnetic resonance imaging shows a freely perfused portal vein (thin arrow); HCC lesion is partly visible (thick arrows). (B) 1 day after the ablation, the T1w image shows the ablation zone (thick arrows) and newly occurred partial thrombosis of the left portal vein (thin arrow). (C) At the 4-month follow-up, partial thrombosis of the left portal vein has persisted (thin arrow), and the ablation zone has decreased (thick arrows).
Table 5.
Results of generalized linear models predicting vessel alterations.