Fig 1.
Experimental sites of field survival studies in Poland.
Table 1.
Summary of meteorological data recorded during the experiment performed in Kraków.
Table 2.
Freezing tolerance of studied wheat and triticale accessions in field-laboratory studies (% survival after freezing).
Table 3.
Winter hardiness of studied wheat and triticale accessions together with linear correlation coefficients with mean freezing tolerance recorded in field-laboratory studies as plant survival after freezing.
Table 4.
Winter hardiness (field-survival) and freezing tolerance (% survival in field-laboratory and laboratory experiments) of reference cultivars.
Table 5.
Linear correlation coefficients between OJIP-test parameters and freezing tolerance—FT (plant survival after freezing) and winter hardiness—WH (field survival) recorded in common winter wheat during three studied winters.
Table 6.
Linear correlation coefficients between OJIP-test parameters and freezing tolerance—FT (plant survival after freezing) and winter hardiness—WH (field survival) recorded in winter triticale during three studied winters.
Fig 2.
Results of principal component analysis showing two major components for different sampling dates and locations for triticale (closed symbols) and wheat (open symbols) standard cultivars.
Data from field and laboratory cold-acclimated plants, indicated by circles and triangles, respectively, represent means from two independent experiments.
Table 7.
Linear correlation coefficients between selected OJIP-test parameters measured in winter wheat and triticale on different sampling times during three studied winters and in laboratory experiments (mean).
Fig 3.
Energy transfer efficiencies (φPo, φEo and ψo), overall performance index of photosystem II (PSII) (PIABS) and specific energy fluxes in PSII (ABS/RC, TRo/RC and ETo/RC) for different sampling dates.
Values shown are relative to results obtained from the medium winter-hardy wheat cultivar Muszelka (red line). Data for laboratory cold-acclimated plants are the means of two independent experiments. Values marked with the same letter denote the lack of statistical significance between cultivars of triticale (italicized) and wheat (P = 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test). Statistical significance of differences between species is indicated by asterisks outside the graphs (P = 0.05, t-test).