Table 1.
Field isolates and reference strains as well as origins, clinical symptoms and host species of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus spp. and Sebaldella termitidis used in this study.
Table 2.
Physiological characteristics of field isolates and reference strains from Streptobacillus moniliformis and of reference strains from Streptobacillus felis 131000547T, Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T and Sebaldella termitidis NCTC 11300T.
Fig 1.
Dendrogram including all main spectra peak lists (MSP) of the family Leptotrichiaceae available in the Bruker Taxonomy Database.
Spectra of Streptobacillus moniliformis field and reference strains, Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T, Streptobacillus felis 131000547T and Sebaldella termitidis ATCC 33386T were measured using the direct transfer protocol. The dendrogram was generated using the BioTyper MSP Dendrogram Creation Standard Method (v1.4) of the MALDI Biotyper OC Software (v3.1, build 66). The database used (DB 5627, BrukerDaltonics) comprised a singular entry from S. moniliformis (DSM 12112T = ATCC 14647T); T: type strain, ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, USA, NCTC: National Collection of Type Cultures, London, UK, DSM: Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen, Braunschweig, Germany, IPDH: Institut für Geflügelkrankheiten, Hannover, Germany.
Fig 2.
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of 201 infrared spectra of one strain each of Sebaldella termitidis NCTC 11300T, Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T, Streptobacillus felis 131000547T, 19 Streptobacillus moniliformis field isolates and reference strains and Streptobacillus sp. isolate AHL 370–1 from a spinifex hopping mouse.
The wave numbers 550–1800 cm-1 and 2800–3200 cm-1 of second derivative spectra were selected and vector normalized. After a principal component analysis, the first 40 components were used for the LDA. In this LDA every isolate was defined as one group. Spectra of Sebaldella termitidis ATCC 33386T are represented by squares, Streptobacillus felis 131000547T by diamonds, Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T by triangles, Streptobacillus sp. (AHL 370–1) by circles and Streptobacillus moniliformis field isolates and reference strains by dots. Ellipses contain 95% of all group spectra assuming a bivariate normal distribution.
Table 3.
Adhesive properties of selected S. moniliformis strains from this study.
Fig 3.
Maximum-likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position within the family Leptotrichiaceae.
The tree was generated in Geneious using PhyML [35] and based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. GenBank accession numbers are KR001904-1922, KP657489, KP657490-KP657495, and HG421076. Numbers at branch nodes refer to bootstrap values (100 replicates). Bar: 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per side.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences (4632 nt) of groEL (1.602 nt), recA (1.047 nt) and gyrB (1.983 nt), sequences including type strains of all species of the family Leptotrichiaceae showing the phylogenetic relationship of Streptobacillus species from this study.
GenBank accession nos. are KR001923-1941 and KP657496-503 for groEL, KR001942-1960 and KP657504-511 for recA, KR001961-1979 and KP676101-108 for gyrB sequences. The tree was generated with the maximum-likelihood program PhyML (Substitution Model HKY85; number of bootstraps: 100) [35] after alignment of sequences with MAFFT v7.017, both implemented in Geneious. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values >70%. Bar: 0.2 substitutions per sequence position.