Table 1.
Classification of tree fructification [43].
Table 2.
Number of notified human PUUV infections per Federal State in Germany from 2001–2012.
Fig 1.
Time series of beech fructification intensity in 11 Federal States of Germany.
BAW = Baden-Wuerttemberg, BAV = Bavaria, BBG = Brandenburg, HES = Hesse, MWP = Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, LSA = Lower Saxony, NRW = North Rhine-Westphalia, RLP = Rhineland-Palatinate, SAX = Saxony, SAN = Saxony-Anhalt, THR = Thuringia 2000–2012. Beech masts synchronous in all Federal States are highlighted by vertical solid lines and beech masts synchronous in 4–7 of 11 of Federal States are indicated by vertical dashed lines.
Table 3.
Model results of the correlations between beech fructification, bank vole abundance and human PUUV incidence.
Parameter coefficients of generalized linear mixed models with binomial error distribution used to examine the influence of beech fructification on bank vole abundance and of beech fructification and bank vole abundance on human PUUV incidence.
Fig 2.
Mean beech mast intensity of the previous year, bank vole abundance, and human PUUV incidence in Germany 2001–2012.
Bars = mean beech mast intensity of the previous year, solid line = bank vole abundance, and broken line = human PUUV incidence. Values are mean values ± one standard error from 7 Federal States. Upper bold values are beech mast intensity corresponding to bars at the bottom. (PUUV = Puumala virus; TN = trap nights).
Fig 3.
Total reported annual human Puumala virus (PUUV) cases in Germany 2001–2012 (all 16 Federal States).
Source: Robert Koch-Institute, SurvStat, http://www3.rki.de/SurvStat, data status: 06/27/2014.