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Fig 1.

Rhizopus stolonifer.

(a) Cultured at 29°C on the surface of potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 7 days; (b) sporangiophore (100x); (c) sporangia (100x); (d) sporangia (200x).

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Sporangium with respect to the time in the spore suspension (1.5x107/flask) inoculated in 250-ml flasks containing 100 ml potato dextrose broth (PDB), with 1%~4% surplus glucose (a) and 1%~4% surplus peptone (b). G: surplus glucose; P: surplus peptone

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

(a)1%~4% surplus glucose and (b)1%~4% surplus peptone.

Dried mattress weight with glucose (GA) or peptose (PA); deproteinized mattress weight with glucose (GB) or peptose (PB) of mycelia mattresses formed with respect to the time cultured in potato dextrose broth with glucose (PDBA) or peptose (PDBB).

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Dried mattress weight (right column) and number of sporangium (left column) of mycelia mattresses formed with respect to the time cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB), with 2% surplus glucose at three different temperatures of 25 (a,b), 29 (c,d), 37°C (e,f).

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Number of sporangium (a) and dried mattress weight (b: Dried mattress weight; c: deproteinized dried mattress weight) for the wild type and its 16 mutants induced by UV radiation cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) with 2% surplus glucose at an incubation temperatures of 29°C for four different time periods.

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Fig 5 Expand

Fig 6.

Dry mattress weight for mutant no. 6 cultured in a flask or tray with three different inoculation densities (a), and non-deproteinized (A) and deproteinized (B) dried mattress weight (b) for mutant no. 6 cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) or PDB with 2% surplus glucose (G) for different time periods. Number of sporangium (c) of mutant no. 6 cultured in PDB or PDB with 2% surplus glucose for different time periods.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Mutant no. 6 cultured in a flask or tray (a); the appearance of the dried mattress (right column) and deproteinized dried mattress (left column) for mutant no. 6 (b) and wild type (c) cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) with 2% surplus glucose at 29°C for 8 days.

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Fig 7 Expand

Fig 8.

a: Thin layer chromatography (visualized with Elson-Morgan reagent) after 16 hr digestion of trifluoroacetic acid for Mutant F6 cultured in PDB or surplus (from left to right) 1.0 or 4% glucose, 1.0 or 4% peptone (lane 1–5, lane 6: N-acetyl glucosamine, lane 7: chitin, lane 8: chitosan, lane 9: glucosamine); b: Thin layer chromatography (visualized with Naphthoresorcinol/ethanol/sulphuric acid reagent) after 16 hr digestion of trifluoroacetic acid for Mutant No. 6 cultured in PDB or surplus (from left to right) 1.0 or 4% glucose, 1.0 or 4% peptone (lane 1–5, lane 6: galactose, lane 7: chitin, lane 8: chitosan, lane 9: glucose).

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Plots of changes in the wound area versus time for those covered with cotton gauze as the control.

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Fig 9 Expand

Fig 10.

Changes in the amounts of growth factor (PDGF) (a), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (b), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (c) versus time in the wound area covered with cotton gauze, Sacchachitin, Rhizochitin, or BESCHITIN-W.

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Fig 11.

Histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the wound area covered for 3 days with the control (C), cotton gauze, Sacchachitin (S), Rhizochitin (R), or BESCHITIN (B).

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Fig 12.

Detection of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (92 KDa) and -2 (72 KDa) by gelatin zymography in extracts from the wound area covered for different time periods with the control, cotton gauze (C), Rhizochitin (R), Sacchachitin (S), BESCHITIN-W (B).

(M, marker; P, Protease standard).

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Fig 12 Expand