Table 1.
Sequences of primers.
Fig 1.
Time course of western blotting studies for monitoring protein nitration and lipid peroxidation.
Solid bars represent 3-nitrotyrosine (45 kDa) and 4-HNE (43 kDa) values. Open bars represent 3-nitrotyrosine (79 kDa) and 4-HNE (80 kDa) values. The intensity levels are given as the mean ± SD normalized to the β-actin level for each sample (n = 7). Data were analyzed for significance using repeated-measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction followed by post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction. *p<0.05 vs. control. The entire images are shown in S1–S3 Figs.
Fig 2.
Distribution of immunoreactivity for 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE in mice after global brain I/R injury.
Sections were prepared from the CA1 (3-nitrotyrosine, A; 4-HNE, G; NF-κB, M), CA2 (3-nitrotyrosine, B; 4-HNE, H; NF-κB, N), and motor cortex (3-nitrotyrosine, C; 4-HNE, I; NF-κB, O) regions of the control brain and after 14 min of ischemia and 8 h of reperfusion in the CA1 (3-nitrotyrosine, D; 4-HNE, J; NF-κB, P), CA2 (3-nitrotyrosine, E; 4-HNE, K; NF-κB, Q) and motor cortex (3-nitrotyrosine, F; 4-HNE, L; NF-κB, R) regions of the brain. Arrow indicates vascular endothelium.
Fig 3.
Effects of XOR inhibitors, showing changes in protein nitration and lipid peroxidation.
Solid bars represent control groups (C). Open bars represent methylcellulose groups (M). Dotted bars represent allopurinol groups. Diagonal bars represent febuxostat groups (F). The intensity levels are given as the mean ± SD normalized to β-actin level for each sample. (n = 6) *P<0.05 vs. control. C; Control, M; Methylcellulose, A; Allopurinol, F; Febuxostat. The entire images are shown in S4–S6 Figs.
Fig 4.
Effects of XOR inhibitors on gene expression after global brain I/R injury.
The mRNA levels are given as the mean ± SD normalized to β-actin level for each sample. (n = 7)*P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control. #P<0.05 vs. methylcellulose. IL1β; interleukin-1β, TNF-α; tumor necrosis factor-α, ICAM-1; intercellular adhesion molecule-1, MMP-9; matrix metalloproteinase-9, Xdh; xanthine dehydrogenase, C; Control, M; Methylcellulose, A; Allopurinol, F; Febuxostat.