Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study samples.
Fig 1.
Small-world properties of functional brain networks.
(A) global efficiency and (B) local efficiency over the whole range of 0.03~0.50 for random (green), regular (blue), and real networks (MDD patients: red; Healthy controls: black). Error bars corresponded to standard error of the mean. Purple stars indicated where the difference between MDD patients and healthy controls was significant (p<0.05). On average, both healthy controls and MDD patients showed small-world properties. Additionally, MDD patients showed higher local efficiencies at the range of 0.15~0.30 (p<0.05).
Fig 2.
Modularity of functional brain networks.
Functional brain networks of MDD patients (red) and healthy controls (black) showed larger modularity than random networks (green) at the whole range of 0.03~0.37. Additionally, increased modularity in MDD patients was observed over the range of 0.14~0.22 (p<0.05). Error bars corresponded to standard error of the mean. Purple stars indicated where the difference between MDD patients and healthy controls was significant (p<0.05).
Fig 3.
The modular organization of group averaged functional brain network at cost = 0.21.
(A) Healthy controls had five modules. (B) MDD patients had six modules. Module 1~Module 5 were the same network for healthy controls and MDD patients, but Module 6 was a new one for MDD patients.
Fig 4.
Regions exhibited significant between-group differences in regional nodal parameters.
The blue color represented the higher values of regional nodal centralities in healthy controls, and the red color represented the higher values of regional nodal centralities in MDD patients (p<0.05, FDR corrected).
Table 2.
Regions showing disrupted nodal centralities in MDD patients as compared with healthy controls (cost = 0.21).
Fig 5.
Scatter plot with trend line showed the relationship between modularity and HAMD scores for cost = 0.21 in MDD patients.
Table 3.
Pearson correlation coefficients between regional nodal properties and HAMD scores of MDD patients (cost = 0.21).