Table 1.
Technical characteristics of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) and Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi).
Table 2.
Overview of provocations and their underlying mechanisms.
Six different skin sites on the forearm were used in three different experiments (Fig 1).
Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of the experimental setup.
The different skin sites used for measurement of microvascular responses to pharmacological and physiological provocations (see Table 2).
Fig 2.
Iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside and noradrenaline.
Skin microvascular response during iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and noradrenaline (NA) as measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) and Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi). *** indicates significant change from baseline (p < 0.001).
Table 3.
The mean (SD) skin microvascular response as measured using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) and Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi) during iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and noradrenaline (NA), local heating, occlusion and post-occlusive hyperemia (PORH), with and without prior exsanguination.
Table 4.
Inter-subject variability of skin microvascular responses as measured using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) and Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi) during iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and noradrenaline (NA), local heating, occlusion and post-occlusive hyperemia (PORH), with and without prior exsanguination.
Fig 3.
Skin microvascular responses to 40 minutes of local heating as measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) and Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi). *** indicates significant change from baseline (p < 0.001).
Fig 4.
Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia.
Skin microvascular responses to (I) occlusion with prior exsanguination, (II) PORH, (III) occlusion without prior exsanguination, (IV) PORH as measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) and Tissue Viability Imaging (TiVi). * indicates significant change from baseline, p < 0.05. ** indicates p < 0.01; *** indicates p < 0.001