Fig 1.
Distribution of species and cytotypes of Anthoxanthum in the area studied, based on analysis of 628 individuals from 197 populations sampled in 29 European countries.
Table 1.
Summary of recognized Anthoxanthum species, their ploidy levels, genome sizes (both 2C-values and 1Cx-values given in DNA picograms), intraspecific/intraploidy genome size variation and numbers of somatic chromosomes.
Fig 2.
Box-and-whisker plots showing holoploid genome sizes (2C-values) for eight groups representing different species and cytotypes of Anthoxanthum.
(A) (ploidy categories are marked as “2x”–diploids, “4x”–tetraploids and “poly”–high polyploid). (B) Box-and-whisker plots showing monoploid genome sizes (1Cx-values) for six groups representing different species and cytotypes of Anthoxanthum (Cx-values in the high-polyploid A. amarum and the A. aristatum/ovatum complex could not be calculated due to uncertain ploidy levels).
Fig 3.
Variation in holoploid genome sizes (sorted according to increasing 2C-values) in (A) the A. aristatum/ovatum complex (total variation 64.8%); (B) 4x A. odoratum (total variation 14.4%); (C) ‘Mediterranean diploid’ (total variation 9.9%); and (D) 2x A. alpinum (total variation 6.2%).
Individuals with determined numbers of somatic chromosomes are indicated by solid circles. See S1 Table for population details.
Fig 4.
Flow cytometric histograms demonstrating genuine intraspecific variation in holoploid genome size (simultaneous analysis of individuals with distinct DNA C-values).
(A) 4x A. odoratum – pops. CZ03 + HR03 (difference 8.0%); (B) ‘Mediterranean diploid’ – pops. ME05 + IT03 (difference 3.5%); (C) A. amarum – intrapopulation variation in pop. PT13 (difference 8.2%); (D) A. aristatum/ovatum – intrapopulation variation in pop. ES09 (difference 10.7%, both individuals with 2n = 10).
Table 2.
Spearman’s correlation coefficients with corresponding p-values (in italics, significant values in bold) for population distribution data (latitude, longitude and altitude) and mean population genome sizes (2C-values) for three species with sufficiently large geographic ranges.
See also S1 Fig.