Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
Table 2.
Intragroup comparisons of post music intervention versus baseline.
Table 3.
Intergroup comparisons of music intervention versus control.
Fig 1.
Pain change score (music vs. no music) before and after the intervention by CAS and FAS
Fig 2.
Anxiety/distress change score (music vs. no music) before and after the intervention measured by Short-STAI and bipolar descriptors.
Fig 3.
Anxiety/distress change score (music vs. no music) before and after the intervention measured by FAS and bipolar descriptors.