Fig 1.
Location of the Guadalupe Victoria site near Simojovel, Chiapas, Mexico.
Fig 2.
[A]: Amber piece, arrow indicates the position of fossil inclusion, scale bar 10 mm. [B]: General view of fossil scorpion, scale bar 5 mm. [C]: Close view of the holotype male BLMACH.18, scale bar 2 mm.
Fig 3.
A: Dorsal view of chelicera and partial carapace with median eyes, scale bar 1 mm. B: Left pedipalp, scale bar 2 mm. C: Right pedipalp, scale bar 2 mm.
Fig 4.
Schematic reconstruction of left pedipalp in dorsal view, which shows discernible carinae and the pedipalp movable finger dentition.
Fig 5.
A: general view of sternites and pectines, note the whitish color on pectines and adjacent sternites, scale bar 2 mm. B: Closer view of pectines, scale bar 1 mm.
Fig 6.
Schematic reconstruction of sternum and pectines showing fulcra and the number of pectinal teeth, punted arrow indicate the partially visible portion as covered by leg.
Fig 7.
A: Legs, scale bar 2 mm. B: Metasoma segments and telson, scale bar 2mm. C: Closer view of telson, scale bar 1 mm.
Fig 8.
Schematic reconstruction of the metasoma segments and telson showing aculeus and subaculear tubercle.
Fig 9.
The phylogenetic status of Tityus apozonalli sp. nov. among fossil buthids from the Middle America amber, Neogene, inferred from data matrix in S1 Table.
Characters are described in S1 Appendix. Strict consensus tree based on quantitative and qualitative characters: L = 27, CI = 0.77 and RI = 0.72. Black circles represent synapomorphies and white circle homoplasies. Numbers above circles indicate characters and numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values.
Fig 10.
Time-scale tree that shows taxa into the family Buthidae with fossils since the Paleogene (Cenozoic) and extinct close relatives in the Mesozoic, according to the current fossil record.
The extinct family Protobuthidae is here considered as a basal lineage outside the superfamily Buthoidea after Baptista et al. (2003) [8], and Microcharmus [51] is considered part of Buthidae (= Microcharmidae) after Volschenk et al. (2008) [52]. Note that the Copal taxa: Palaeogrosphus copalensis, Palaeogrosphus jacquesi, Microcharmus henderickxi, within the genera Palaeogrosphus and Microcharmus (Buthidae) [2][51][53][54], respectively, are now placed outside the geological record due to their recent depositional age.