Fig 1.
Map of Mexico in pre-Hispanic times showing the localization of Teotihuacan.
The frontier between Mesoamerica and Aridoamerica is shown.
Table 1.
Primers used to determine Native American mitochondrial haplogroups.
Diagnostic SNPs evaluated to determine each haplogroup are shown.
Fig 2.
Geographical locations of indigenous American populations used in the present study.
Table 2.
Burials analyzed in this study.
Mitochondrial haplogroup, biological sex, and age of 29 individuals recovered from Teopancazco. The HVRI sequence from 16 of them is also shown (positions 16190–16339). Mutations are numbered according to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence [33].
Table 3.
Haplogroup frequencies and Nei’s genetic diversity at haplogroup (Ĥa) and haplotype (Ĥb) levels.
Fig 3.
Principal Component Analysis based on mitochondrial haplogroups frequencies.
TEO (Teopancazco), TEO-TLAM (Tlamimilolpa period), TEO-XOL (Xolalpan period), TEO-TRAN (Transitional phase), PIMA (Pima, Aridoamerica), ZAP (Zapotec, Oaxaca), OTO (Otomi, Hidalgo), OTO I (Otomi, Hidalgo), OTO II (Otomi, Hidalgo), NAH (Nahua, Veracruz), NAH I (Nahua, Veracruz), NAH II (Nahua, Puebla), NAH III (Nahua, Hidalgo), MAY (Maya, Xcaret), MAY II (Maya, Yucatán), MAY III (Maya, Campeche), MAY IV (Maya, Quintana Roo), TEPE (Tepehua, Hidalgo), HUA (Huastec, Hidalgo) MIXT (Mixtec, Oaxaca), MIXT II (Mixtec, Oaxaca).
Table 4.
Genetic Diversity (Ĥa) found in males and females (adults and infants).
Fig 4.
Overview of the genetic history of Teopancazco, Teotihuacan.
No significant differences were observed in genetic diversity indices at haplogroup and haplotype levels between the three periods analyzed, genetic diversity at the haplotype level was estimated only for the Tlamimilolpa and Transitional periods. P-values of the statistical comparisons are shown inside the arrows.