Fig 1.
Flowchart shows inclusion and exclusion of patients for this study.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of 41patients with HAML in this study.
HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein. HBV maker positive: positive serum test for hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV maker positive: positive test for antibody to hepatitis C virus; Alcohol drink: daily intake of >50 g of ethanol >5 years.
Table 2.
Gray scale and color Doppler imaging characteristics of 41 HAMLs.
Table 3.
Real-time contrast-enhancing pattern of 41 histologically proven HAMLs.
Fig 2.
Typical appearance of HAML on baseline US and CEUS.
There is a well-defined, marked heterogeneous hyper-echoic nodule of 44 mm×31mm in size without surrounding hypo-echoic halo on baseline US in the left lobe of liver (white arrow) in a 39 year female patient (A). The nodule shows heterogeneous hyper-enhancement in the arterial phase (13 seconds after injection of contrast agent) without initial peripheral nodular enhancement or spoke-wheel arteries (B). The nodule shows heterogeneous hyper-enhancement in the portal phase (1 minute and 21 seconds after injection of contrast agent) and sustained heterogeneous hyper-enhancement in the late phase. (3 minutes and 17 seconds after injection of contrast agent,) (C,D).
Table 4.
Demographic characteristics of 31patients with HAML correctly diagnosed by CEUS and 10 patients with HAML incorrectly diagnosed by CEUS.
HBV: hepatitis B virus; HBV maker positive: positive serum test for hepatitis B surface antigen; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.
Table 5.
Paired contingency of CEUS and CT in the diagnosis of HAML in 38 patients.