Table 1.
Number of ovarioles per ovary within the subterranean beetle tribe Trechini (the number of individuals examined for the present study is indicated in brackets).
Fig 1.
Female reproductive system and defense glands in five species of subterranean beetles of the tribe Trechini.
Dorsal view, muscle fibers only shown on Fig 1E. (A) Trechus bordei. (B) Aphaenops loubensi. (C) Aphaenops ochsi ssp. cabidochei (apical acinous gland of defense glands not drawn). (D) Aphaenops leschenaulti (apical acinous gland of defense glands not drawn). (E) Aphaenops crypticola (paired defense glands not drawn). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 mm; E = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: cc = collecting canal of defense glands, dgl = defense gland, gd = genital duct surrounded by a muscular sheath, mf = muscle fibers, mt VIII = mediotergite VIII, oo = oocyte, ov = ovariole, pp = protruding part of genital duct, r = reservoir of defense glands, s = spermatheca, tf = terminal filament.
Fig 2.
A gravid female with a mature oocyte in the right ovariole and the same oocyte in place within the female abdomen. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Fig 3.
Female ectodermal genital ducts restricted to their cuticular intima lining by KOH treatment.
Dorsal and more or less lateral views in order to show the different elements. (A) Trechus bordei. (B) Aphaenops loubensi. (C) Aphaenops ochsi ssp. cabidochei. (D) Aphaenops leschenaulti. (E) Aphaenops crypticola; the vaginal secretory units are indicated by asterisks. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 1 mm; C-E = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = apodeme-like structure, bc = bursa copulatrix, co = common oviduct, gl = defense gland, mt VIII = mediotergite VIII, pp = protruding part of genital duct, s = spermatheca, su = secretory unit, v = vagina, vd = vaginal diverticulum, vp = vaginal pouch.
Fig 4.
Number of ovarioles mapped on simplified phylogram of Trechini.
Simplified phylogram of Trechini obtained with RAxML using a combined data matrix of mitochondrial (cox1, rrnL+trnL and nad1) and nuclear (LSU, SSU) markers. Troglobitic species marked with a âTâ in a black circle. *: bootstrap >95. The number of ovarioles per ovary is indicated after the species name. Colors indicate number of ovarioles: red: 1, blue: 2, orange: 3, violet: 3â4, green: 5, black: >5.