Table 1.
Demographic, treatment history, and intellectual performance of each group.
Fig 1.
White matter differences between survivors and healthy controls.
(A) Significant white matter differences between survivors (in both RT and NRT groups) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T1 weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of left frontal pole (red), right frontal pole (blue) and corpus callosum (green). The open symbols represent survivors with radiation treatment and solid symbol represent those with no radiation treatment. LFP = left frontal pole (red), RFP = right frontal pole (blue), CC = corpus callosum (green). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient. a.u. = arbitrary units.
Table 2.
Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter regions in all brain tumor survivors were lower compared to those of healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.
Fig 2.
White matter differences between survivors treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy and healthy controls.
(A) Significant white matter differences between survivors with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy (RT) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T1 weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of left middle frontal (red) and left middle temporal (blue). LMF = left middle frontal (red), LMT = left middle temporal (blue). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient. a.u. = arbitrary units.
Table 3.
Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were lower in specific white matter regions in survivors compared to healthy controls, and correlated with IQ.
Fig 3.
White matter differences between survivors with no radiation treatment and healthy controls.
Significant white matter differences between survivors with no radiation treatment (NRT) and healthy controls (HC) were found in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T1 weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for survivor group are in orange and red. No statistically significant correlation between intellectual performance and the white matter FA was found in these areas.
Fig 4.
White matter differences between survivors with radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy (RT) and survivors without radiation treatment (NRT).
(A) Significant white matter differences were identified between the RT group and the NRT group in the empirically-identified white matter regions from TBSS. White matter skeleton (color coded in green) is overlaid on a T1 weighted image. Clusters of significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the RT survivor group are in orange and red. (B) The plot of statistically significant correlations between intellectual performance and the white matter FA measured from the areas of anterior portion of corpus callosum (green), right middle temporal (red) and right middle frontal (blue) regions. CC = corpus callosum (green), RMF = right middle frontal (blue), RMT = right middle temporal (red). VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ = performance intelligence quotient, a.u = arbitrary units.
Table 4.
The correlations of IQ and cumulative neurological risk with fractional anisotropy values of specific white matter regions in survivors with radiation treatment with and without chemotherapy (RT) compared to the survivors who did not receive radiation treatment (NRT).