Fig 1.
The study design, oral glucose tolerance test, and statistical analysis protocol.
Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects at entry into the oral glucose tolerance test.
Fig 2.
Classification of glucose tolerance using the oral glucose tolerance test.
Circle, Group N (normal); square, Group HN+IGT (“high-normal” and impaired glucose tolerance); triangle, Group D (diabetic). Blue, normal insulin resistance; red, borderline insulin resistance; green, insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda Index 3.
Fig 3.
Classification of insulin resistance using the oral glucose tolerance test.
Blue, normal insulin resistance; red, borderline insulin resistance; green, insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda Index 3. Circle, Group N (normal); square, Group HN+IGT (“high-normal” and impaired glucose tolerance); triangle, Group D (diabetic).
Table 2.
Correlations of the fasting plasma levels of 10- and 12-(Z,E)-HODE/LA, RBP4, glycoalbumin, hs-CRP, adiponectin, leptin, and L/A with glucose, insulin, HbA1c, Matsuda Index 3, and HOMA-IR during the OGTT.
Fig 4.
Correlation of 10- and 12-(Z,E)-HODE fasting plasma levels with (A) RBP4 and (B) glycoalbumin.
Blue, normal insulin resistance; red, borderline insulin resistance; green, insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda Index 3. Circle, Group N (normal); square, Group HN+IGT (“high-normal” and impaired glucose tolerance); triangle, Group D (diabetic). 10- and 12-(Z,E)-HODE, 10- and 12-(Z,E)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4.
Fig 5.
Predicting the risk of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
Matsuda Index 3 is estimated using the 9 biomarkers that are shown in Model 1. Blue, normal insulin resistance; red, borderline insulin resistance; green, insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda Index 3. Circle, Group N (normal); square, Group HN+IGT (“high-normal” and impaired glucose tolerance); triangle, Group D (diabetic).
Fig 6.
Selecting biomarkers for practical use.
Matsuda Index 3 is estimated using 10- and 12-(Z,E)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, insulin, and leptin/adiponectin (Model 2) (A), and the risk of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance is predicted using fasting levels of glucose and estimated Matsuda Index 3 (B). Blue, normal insulin resistance; red, borderline insulin resistance; green, insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda Index 3. Circle, Group N (normal); square, Group HN+IGT (“high-normal” and impaired glucose tolerance); triangle, Group D (diabetic).