Table 1.
Clinical features of NPC patients participated in this study.
Fig 1.
Tumor xenografts in chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) inoculated with NPC cells or tumor biopsies.
CAMs inoculated with 0.5×106 or 1×106 5-8F cells and NPC primary tumors at 24 and 120 h after inoculation. Representative data are shown.
Fig 2.
Histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry staining of xenografts.
A-C: H&E staining of derived xenografts 120 h after inoculation with 1×106 5-8F cells or primary tumors. Representative images are shown. D-F: IHC staining of human CK34βE12. Magnification, ×400.
Fig 3.
H&E staining and in situ hybridization (ISH).
H&E staining and in situ hybridization detection of Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNAs (EBERs) on CAMs inoculated with C666-1 cells (A and F) or NPC tumor biopsies (B-E and G-J). Arrows point to tumor areas where malignant NPC cells have become EBER negative. Magnification, ×400.
Fig 4.
2D and 3D analysis of invasion and metastasis of NPC cells 48 h after inoculation.
A: Invasion of HONE1-GFP cells through the basement membrane and toward the lower site of CAM, especially in 3D imaging. Invasive depth is shown in the Z-axis. B: Metastasis of HONE1-GFP cells via the blood system. Representative bright-field (DIC), green fluorescent (GFP) and overlay (Merge) images. Magnification, ×40.
Fig 5.
Neovascularization in CAMs after inoculation with 5-8F and 6-10B cells.
A and C: Macro images of xenografts and blood vessels. B and D: H&E staining. Blood vessels with nucleated erythrocytes are indicated with yellow arrows. E. Quantification of neovascularization ratio calculated by dividing the area of blood vascularization (VA) to total area of CAM. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). * P<0.01.
Fig 6.
Quantification of disseminating NPC cells in CAM.
Number of circulating 5-8F and 6-10B cells in the lung and heart of developing chicken evaluated by β-globin–based qPCR and expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5 for each cell line). * P<0.05.