Fig 1.
Flow diagram of study selection.
RCTs: randomized controlled trials.
Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
Fig 2.
Red (-): high risk of bias; Yellow (?): unclear risk of bias; Green (+): low risk of bias.
Fig 3.
Forest plot of the effect of computer-based cognitive programs in memory performance.
Fig 4.
Forest plot of the effect of computer-based cognitive programs in processing speed.
Fig 5.
Forest plot of the effect of computer-based cognitive programs in executive function.
Fig 6.
Forest plot of the long-term effect of computer-based cognitive programs in memory performance.
Fig 7.
Funnel plot for memory, processing speed, and executive function.