Table 1.
Search Strategies.
Fig 1.
PRISMA Flowchart of study selection.
Table 2.
Study characteristics of included randomized trials of treatment of episodic (<15 headaches/month) migraine headaches.
Table 3.
Study characteristics of included randomized trials of treatment of chronic (≥15 headaches/month) migraine headaches.
Table 4.
Quality Ratings of included placebo controlled trials.
Fig 2.
Alpha blockers compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Table 5.
Placebo Controlled Randomized Clinical Trials of Continuous Outcomes among patients with episodic migraines (<15 headaches/month).
Table 6.
Placebo controlled comparisons of continuous outcomes among patients with chronic migraine headache (≥ 15 headaches/month).
Fig 3.
ACE and ARBs compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Table 7.
Placebo controlled comparisons of >50% improvement in episodic migraine headaches (<15 migraines/month).
Fig 4.
Topiramate compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 5.
Valproate compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 6.
Dose response relationship of headache to topiramate dose.
Fig 7.
Propranolol compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 8.
Flunarizine compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 9.
SSRI/SNRIs compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 10.
Pizotifen compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 11.
TCAs compared to placebo for episodic migraine headaches.
Fig 12.
Amitriptyline compared to placebo for migraine headaches.
Table 8.
Characteristics of comparative effectiveness trials.
Table 9.
Quality Assessment among comparative effectiveness trials.
Table 10.
Comparative Effectiveness Trial Outcomes.
Fig 13.
Network meta-analysis
Fig 14.
Placebo effect of treatment of episodic migraine headaches.
Table 11.
Side Effects Compared with Placebo.