Fig 1.
Study flow diagram.
Table 1.
Baseline patient demographics and clinical variables in relation to serum cFLC levels.
Table 2.
Baseline patient characteristics in relation to serum cFLC levels.
Fig 2.
Serum FLC concentration in people with stage 3 chronic kidney disease versus normal controls.
A) κfree light chains (FLC), B) λFLC and C) Combined free light chains (cFLC) levels were elevated in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (circles) versus published normal control individuals [21]. D) The FLC κ/λ ratio was also significantly higher in people with CKD compared to the healthy control population. Median and ranges are indicated (black bars).
Fig 3.
cFLC concentrations in males and females.
cFLC concentrations were compared and were elevated in males compared to females (P<0.001). Median and interquartile ranges are indicated.
Fig 4.
There was a significant inverse association with cFLC (combined serum free light chains) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (rho = -0.49, P <0.0001). Spearman rank correlation was performed.
Table 3.
Correlation of cFLC with other clinical markers.
Table 4.
Associations of elevated cFLC (>43.3 mg/L): univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Fig 5.
Kaplan-Meier plot of survival in people with elevated (>43.3mg/L) versus normal combined serum cFLC concentration.
Participants with combined free light chains (cFLC) ≤43.3 mg/L had significantly longer overall survival compared to participants with cFLC >43.3 mg/L. Log rank analysis: P <0.001. Note that the x axis does not intersect the y axis at zero.
Table 5.
Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses showing determinants of all-cause mortality.