Table 1.
Food intake, body weight and abdominal fat gain over 2-week daily administration of vehicle or capsiate.
Fig 1.
Muscle anatomy and mechanical performance in vivo.
Gastrocnemius muscle volume (A) and force produced throughout the 6-min fatiguing electrostimulation protocol performed at the end of 2-week treatment with vehicle (control) or capsiate (CAP) at 10- or 100-mg/kg body weight (B). Extent of force reduction measured at the end of the protocol and expressed as percent of onset value (C). Total amount of force produced during the whole 6-min electrostimulation (D). Data are means ± SEM. * Significantly different (one-way ANOVA; P < 0.05) from control.
Table 2.
Effect of 2-week daily administration of vehicle or capsiate on mouse gastrocnemius bioenergetics assessed in vivo using 31P-MR spectroscopy.
Fig 2.
Phosphorylated compounds and pH in mouse gastrocnemius muscle in vivo.
Changes in gastrocnemius muscle [PCr] (A), intracellular pH (B), [ATP] (C) and [ADP] (D) throughout the 6-min fatiguing electrostimulation protocol performed at the end of 2-week treatment with vehicle (control) or capsiate (CAP) at 10- or 100-mg/kg body weight. The first time point (t = 0) indicates the resting value. Data are means ± SEM. P-value indicates the overall result of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA. When justified (P-value < 0.05), Tukey post-hoc multiple comparison was used for determining pairwise differences between groups: # Significant difference between CAP 10-mg and control. $ Significant difference between CAP 100-mg and control.
Fig 3.
Oxidative and anaerobic ATP productions in contracting mouse gastrocnemius muscle in vivo.
Effect of 2-week treatment with vehicle (control) or capsiate (CAP) at two different concentrations (10- or 100-mg/kg body weight) on the time-course of oxidative (A) and anaerobic (B) ATP production rates calculated from in vivo 31P-MR spectroscopy data throughout the 6-min fatiguing electrostimulation protocol. Data are means ± SEM. * Significantly different (one-way ANOVA; P < 0.05) from control.
Fig 4.
Metabolic fluxes contributions in contracting muscle.
Relative contributions of oxidative and anaerobic pathways to total ATP production at the onset and at the end of the 6-min fatiguing electrostimulation protocol performed after 2-week treatment with vehicle (control) or capsiate (CAP) at two different concentrations (10- or 100-mg/kg body weight). Data are means ± SEM.
Fig 5.
Energy cost of muscle contraction.
Effect of 2-week treatment with vehicle (control) or capsiate (CAP) at two different concentrations (10- or 100-mg/kg body weight) on PCr cost (A) and oxidative (B), glycolytic (C) and total (D) ATP cost of contraction at the onset and at the end of the 6-min fatiguing electrostimulation protocol. Data are means ± SEM. * Significantly different from control.
Table 3.
Effect of 2-week daily administration of vehicle or capsiate on respiration parameters in isolated permeabilized fibers from gastrocnemius muscle.
Fig 6.
Basal UCP3 mRNA levels in gastrocnemius muscle normalized to 18S mRNA used as an internal standard in animals daily administered during two weeks with vehicle (control) or capsiate (CAP) at two different concentrations (10- or 100-mg/kg body weight). Data are means ± SEM.