Fig 1.
Flow chart of study selection.
For details of study identification.
Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
Fig 2.
Self-related pain for surgical versus conservative treatment.
A: mean difference (MD) at the end of the intervention (not longer than 3 months). B: MD at six months. C: MD at long-term follow-up period (12 months or more). PV, percutaneous vertebroplasty; BK, balloon kyphoplasty; CI, confidence interval; IV, inverse variance.
Fig 3.
Funnel plot of included studies regarding self-related pain in the short term.
Short term: not longer than 3 months. Log of mean difference were plotted against the standard error of mean difference of each study to identify asymmetry in the distribution of trials.
Fig 4.
Overall adverse events for surgical versus conservative treatment.
Markers represent point estimates of risk ratios, marker size represents study weight in random-effects meta-analysis. Horizontal bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. CI, confidence interval; M-H, mantel-haenszel.
Fig 5.
Incidence of new fractures for surgical versus conservative treatment.
Fig 6.
RMD score for surgical versus conservative treatment in the short term.
Short term: not longer than 3 months.
Fig 7.
SF-36 PCS score for surgical versus conservative treatment.
A: mean difference (MD) at the end of the intervention (not longer than 3 months). B: MD at long-term follow-up period (12 months or more).
Fig 8.
Self-related pain for surgical versus sham surgical treatment.
Short term: not longer than 3 months; Mid term: 6 months.
Table 2.
Summary of results.