Fig 1.
The effect of SDD, spirulina and their co-administration on body weight gain of all treated groups.
Fig 2.
The effect of SDD, spirulina and their co administration on kidney weight index of all treated groups.
Fig 3.
The effect of SDD, spirulina and their co administration on serum urea and creatinine levels of all treated groups.
Fig 4.
The effect of SDD, spirulina and their co administration on MDA and GSH contents in kidney tissue of all treated groups.
Fig 5.
The effect of SDD, spirulina and their co administration on catalase activity in kidney tissue of all treated groups.
Fig 6.
The effect of SDD, spirulina and their co-administration on chromium contents in blood and kidney tissue.
Fig 7.
Kidneys of chromium treated rats.
Showing A) Swelling of the tubular lining epithelium with variable degrees of granular and vacuolar degeneration and single cell necrosis(H&E X400). B) Wide spread nuclear pyknosis among the tubular epithelium (H&E X400). C) Atrophy of the glomerular tufts with mesangeal necrosis (H&E X400). D) Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (PAS X400). E) Interstitial nephritis, notice the congested blood vessels and focal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates (H&E X400). F) Proliferative hyperplasia of the renal tubular epithelium that appeared basophilic with vesicular and basophilic nuclei (H&E X200).
Fig 8.
A-E Kidneys of chromium treated rats.
Showing A, B) Scattered foci of hyperplastic tubules with thick basement membrane (H&E and PAS X400). C, D) The hyperplastic cells partially lined the tubular circumference or away around the tubule insinuating in the intertubular areas as rows (thick arrow) or clumps (arrow) or forming a tubular pattern (H&E X400). E) Mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration accompanying the hyperplastic tubules with minimal increased number of mesenchymal interstitial cells (H&E X400). F) Kidney of chromium and spirulina co-treated rats showing wide spread foci of regenerative tubules (H&E X200).
Table 1.
Values of the histomorphometrical measurements of glomerulus area, glomerulus diameter and Bowman's space of control and treated groups.
Table 2.
Values of the histomorphometrical measurements of tubules lumen area of control and treated groups.
Table 3.
The cytometrical analysis of DNA content and distribution of the population of cells within the cell cycle of control and treated groups.
Fig 9.
A, B) Kidney of chromium treated rat showing positivity for PCNA expression in the nuclei of the hyperplastic tubular epithelial cells (X400).