Table 1.
Linked datasets employed in this study.
Table 2.
Sample characteristics.
Fig 1.
Risk score distribution in 1996.
Note: For clarity of presentation, we omit observations with a risk score of greater than four (2.1%). Sample includes individuals employed at the firm on January 1, 1996 with at least one risk score during 1996–2011(N = 14,161).
Table 3.
Risk score correlates.
Table 4.
Associations between risk score and new disease diagnosis in subsequent year.
Fig 2.
Kaplan-Meier survival curves for chronic disease diagnoses, by 1996 risk score quintile.
Note: Sample includes individuals employed at the firm on January 1, 1996. For each of these conditions, individuals with one or more inpatient claims or two or more outpatient claims with a relevant ICD diagnosis code in a 365-day period are considered to have a new diagnosis of the disease in question. To rule out prevalent (i.e., existing) cases, we require the individual to have no claims related to the diagnosis for the first two years of the study period. As our dataset includes claims data beginning in January 1, 1996, for each disease we exclude individuals with diagnoses in 1996–1997, such that the earliest possible date of diagnosis for a given disease is January 1, 1998. N = (a) 8,522; (b) 7,641; (c) 8,841; (d) 8,886; (e) 8,665.
Table 5.
Cox proportional hazards models for incident disease diagnosis and mortality.
Table 6.
Cox proportional hazards models for incident disease diagnosis and mortality, by 1996 risk score quintiles.
Fig 3.
Kaplan-Meier survival curve for mortality, by 1996 risk score quintile.
Note: Sample includes individuals employed at the firm on January 1, 1996. Individuals were censored at September 1, 2011, after which we do not have data on mortality. N = 9,012.