Fig 1.
Midpoint rooted majority rule consensus tree of Bayesian MCMC sampling inferred from combined sequences.
The tree from six aligned loci (ITS, rpb2, rpb1, MCM7, tsr1, hal2) provides a resolved structure of the WSSC. Bayesian posterior probabilities are displayed at the nodes of the tree. Labels provide information on strain number and origin. Red T, ex-type strains; red NT, ex-neotype strain; bold, strains included in physiological and morphological studies, and for the determination of extracellular enzyme activities; underlined, strains included in studies of secondary metabolites.
Fig 2.
Midpoint rooted majority rule consensus tree of Bayesian MCMC sampling inferred from the HAL2 sequences.
Bayesian posterior probabilities are displayed at the nodes of the tree. Red T, ex-type strains; red NT, ex-neotype strain; bold, strains included in physiological and morphological studies, and for the determination of extracellular enzyme activities; underlined, strains included in studies of secondary metabolites.
Table 1.
Growth of strains from clades 1–4 on MEA/MYA at high salt (NaCl, MgCl2) concentrations and different temperatures.
Fig 3.
Growth parameters of the WSSC members on media with various aw and solutes, and at different temperatures.
(a-d) Mean colony growth rates (mm d-1) obtained from MYA plus various concentrations of sucrose (a), glycerol (b), NaCl (c), and MgCl2 (d). (e) Mean colony growth rates at temperatures from 4°C to 40°C on MYA with addition of 40% sucrose. Diamonds, clade 1 (W. sebi, 6 strains); squares, clade 2 (W. mellicola, 6 strains); circles, clade 3 (W. canadensis, 4 strains); triangles, clade 4 (W. tropicalis, 6 strains).
Table 2.
Extracellular enzyme activities of strains from clades 1–4 grown at different NaCl concentrations at 24°C.
Table 3.
Summary of the characteristics of the species studied here.
Fig 4.
Culture and micromorphological characters for W. sebi (clade 1; ex-neotype strain CBS 818.96).
(a-l) Colony surface grown on MYA with no additives (a), and MYA with the addition of 20% (b), 50% (c) and 70% (d) sucrose, 20% (e) and 40% (f) glycerol, 4% (g) and 13% (h) MgCl2, and 8% (i), 16% (j), 24% (k) and 28% (l) NaCl. (m) Conidia from MYA plus 50% sucrose. (n) Conidiogenous cell producing conidia in chains. Colonies were incubated for 14 d at 24°C. Scale bars: 5 mm (l) (applies also for a-k), 5 μm (m, n).
Fig 5.
Culture and micromorphological characters for W. mellicola (clade 2; ex-type strain CBS 633.66).
(a-k) Colony surface grown on MYA without additions (a), and MYA with the addition of 20% (b), 50% (c) and 70% (d) sucrose, 20% (e) and 40% (f) glycerol, 4% (g) and 13% (h) MgCl2, and 8% (i), 16% (j) and 24% (k) NaCl. (l, m) Conidia (l) and conidiophore and conidiogenous cell (m) from MYA plus 50% sucrose. Colonies were incubated for 14 d at 24°C. Scale bars: 5 mm (k) (applies also for a-j), 5 μm (l, m).
Fig 6.
Culture and micromorphological characters for W. canadensis (clade 3; ex-type strain MUCL 15061).
(a-k) Colony surface grown on MYA without additions (a), and MYA with the addition of 20% (b), 50% (c) and 70% (d) sucrose, 20% (e) and 40% (f) of glycerol, 4% (g) MgCl2 (no growth on MYA with addition of 13% (h) MgCl2), and 8% (i), 16% (j) and 24% (k) NaCl. (l, m) Conidia (l) and conidiogenous cell (m) from MYA plus 50% sucrose. Colonies were incubated for 14 d at 24°C. Scale bars: 5 mm (k) (applies also for a-j), 5 μm (l, m).
Fig 7.
Culture and micromorphological characteristics for W. tropicalis (clade 4; ex-type strain EXF-8739).
(a-l) Colony surface grown on MYA with no additions (a), and MYA with the addition of 20% (b), 50% (c) and 70% (d) sucrose, 20% (e) and 40% (f) glycerol, 4% (g) and 13% (h) MgCl2, and 8% (i), 16% (j), 24% (k) and 28% (l) NaCl. (m, n) Conidia (m) and conidiogenous cell (n) from MYA plus 50% sucrose. Colonies were incubated for 14 d at 24°C. Scale bars: 5 mm (l) (applies also for a-k), 5 μm (m, n).