Fig 1.
Simplify model of the skin-electrode interface, the stratum Corneum and its ionic pathways.
Pathways in the appendages are shown in hard lines, and pathways going between the stratification of the stratum corneum matrix are shown in dotted lines. The electroporation effect on the corneocyte matrix is shown at the right, while the current flow increase due to the pore filling is shown in the appendages. Adapted from [2,5,11,20].
Fig 2.
Skin-Electrode interface models.
a) Full model considering electroporation and a charge-dependent effect; b) Simple model for low charge pulses; c) Proposed model.
Fig 3.
Representation of the current-voltage response during CC (top) and VC (down) with biphasic pulses of 30ms per phase.
A detail of the first milliseconds is displayed for better appreciation of the inflexion point and the beginning of the pulse.
Table 1.
Summary of estimated Rs and C values.
Fig 4.
Typical estimated Re values as function of a) current and c) voltage. b) Ge values as function of the current.
Table 2.
Summary of values to estimate Ge and Gp.
Fig 5.
Typical voltage response estimation without considering the charge-dependent effect.
Fig 6.
a) Typical estimated Rp values as function of current and; b) Gp values as function of the current.
Table 3.
Coefficient values for Subject 9.
Fig 7.
Comparison of exemplary measured values (hard line) and the simulation results (dotted lines) for a) CC with ETD, b) CC with ETC electrodes, c) VC with ETD and, d) VC with ETC.