Fig 1.
*children: allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, or contact dermatitis; parents/siblings: asthma, food allergy, pollen allergy, mite allergy, contact dermatitis, or allergic dermatitis. **TNO-AZL preschool children Quality of Life questionnaire: a 43-item questionnaire consisting of 12 multi (3–7) item scales that cover the domains of physical (sleeping, appetite, respiratory problems, digestive problems, skin problems, motor functioning), social (social functioning, problem behaviour), cognitive (communication), and emotional functioning (anxiety, positive mood, liveliness). Scale scores are calculated by adding up the item scores within the scales, and transforming the crude scale scores linearly to a 0–100 scale, with higher scores indicating better quality of life28,29,30. †Parents/legal guardians had to provide additional permissions for lung function and skin prick tests to be performed. ‡FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75.
Table 1.
Patient demographics and background characteristics.
Table 2.
Wheezing through 6 years of agea.
Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis* of risk factors associated with wheezing through 1–6 years.
Table 4.
Respiratory function Z-scorea FEV1 ranking [-2; -1] stratified by wheezing.
Fig 2.
Respiratory scores for TAPQOL questionnaire through 6 years of age.
†Scores range from 0–100, where higher scores indicate better quality of life for patients. Mann-Whitney U test. SD: standard deviation, NS: not significant. Patient numbers at years 2 and 3 reflect patients entering the study at different ages. For each patient, the mean score was calculated across the years they completed the questionnaire (e.g. if TAPQOL completed from 2 to 6 years, mean was calculated over 5 years).
Table 5.
Hospital attendances, admissions and treatment for respiratory issues through 6 years of age.