Table 1.
OTU specific primers combined with a universal 16S rDNA primer (Eub8F or 984yR).
Table 2.
Taxonomic identification of OTUs and their closest match in GenBank.
Fig 1.
NMDS non-metric multidimensional scaling of the bumblebee microbiota of wild (location W1, W2 and W3) and indoor-reared (R) Bombus terrestris.
The open symbols are sister specimens from each location, also annotated by the extra letter s after the location indicator. The circles group samples with a higher similarity than 50% based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix.
Fig 2.
The normalized and transformed abundance of the different OTUs of wild and indoor-reared Bombus terrestris.
The wild location A, B, C are represented by a blue, black and green triangle, respectively. The indoor-reared bumblebees are represented a line lower by a red circle. On the right side the pairwise Kruskal-Wallis post-hoc test are given for each OTU, but only the significant ones (P adjusted < 0.05). No significant values were found between wild locations.
Table 3.
Normalized mean abundance of each OTU and its prevalence in its host Bombus terrestris.
Fig 3.
The observed richness (Sobs), Chao1 estimator, Shannon index and evenness (e) boxplots of wild specimens collected at location W1, W2 and W3 (in white), while indoor-reared bees are represented as R (in grey).
Differences by pairwise post-hoc Kruskal-Wallis tests are indicated by a and b (P adjusted < 0.05). The boxplot shows the upper and lower quartiles and whiskers represent the range excluding outliers represented by o.
Fig 4.
A) The normalized relative abundance (%) of the different Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae in wild Bombus terrestris. Specimens are ranked from high total Lactobacillaceae to low. B) Pairwise Pearson correlation coefficients, those in bold and underlined have P value below 0.00017.