Fig 1.
Map showing field survey location in Central Thailand.
Fig 2.
Mass floating spherical aggregations of Cladophora socialis in a salt field reservoir in Central Thailand.
Fig 3.
Transverse schematic diagram showing the location of several Cladophora socialis forms at the study site.
Fig 4.
Floating spherical aggregations of Cladophora socialis in a salt field reservoir, a natural habitat.
(a) A lower hemisphere of spherical aggregations of a solid, dark green color: (b) On-land view of floating spherical aggregations: (c) Underwater view of Indeterminate turf forms.
Fig 5.
Scattergraph showing the size of spherical Cladophora socialis (major and minor axis) aggregations.
Table 1.
Outline of habitat and habit of several Cladophora socialis forms at the study site.
Fig 6.
Morphological characteristics of Cladophora socialis.
(a) A fresh individual thallus: (b) Filaments attaching to one another by rhizoids formed apically (filled-arrow) and intercalary (open-arrow): (c) Apical cell in natural individual: (d) Apical cell cultured in static water showing longer length: (e) Main axis cells: (f) Branching system: (g) Filaments showing different growing directions because of a bent obtuse angle: (h) Newly formed lateral (filled-arrow) without cross-wall at its base: (i) Multi-nuclei in a cell stained by the Wittmann method: (j) Parietal chloroplasts along the cell wall: (k) Transmission electron microscopic image of bilenticular type pyrenoid: (l) Transmission electron microscopic image of zonal type pyrenoid.
Fig 7.
Growth of Cladophora socialis in laboratory experiments.
(a) Day 0: (b) Day 1: (c) Day 2: (d) Day 3: (e) Day 4: (f) Day 5: (g) Day 6: (h) Day 7.
Fig 8.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees for Cladophora socialis and relatives.
(a) A tree based on nearly complete 18S rDNA sequences: (b) A tree based on partial 28S rDNA sequences. Other data on Cladophorales were downloaded from GenBank for comparison. Numbers close to the nodes are ML/MP bootstrap values.
Table 2.
Homology of Cladophora socialis 18S rDNA sequence to related species.
Table 3.
Homology of Cladophora socialis 28S rDNA sequence to related species.
Table 4.
Outline of the major morphological characteristics and habitats of Cladophora socialis and related Cladophora species.
Fig 9.
Monthly maximum velocity (m s−1) and wind direction in Central Thailand.
Graphs were drawn from raw data provided by the Thai Meteorological Department [38].