Table 1.
Effect of different treatments on tumor size and mortality.
Fig 1.
Hematoxylin/eosin staining of tumors treated with vehicle (A), 10mg/kg Melatonin (B), Propionibacterium acnes (C), and a combination of Melatonin and Propionibacterium acnes (D).
N: Necrotic area. Extensive necrosis was evident in tumors treated with a combination of Melatonin and Propionibacterium acnes. Five mice were examined for each treatment.
Fig 2.
Tumor sections assayed by DeadEnd colorimetric TUNEL system to indicate cell apoptosis.
(A) Negative control; (B) tumors treated with10mg/kg Melatonin; (C) tumors treated with Propionibacterium acnes; (D) tumors treated with a combination of Melatonin and Propionibacterium acnes. Brown stained nuclei indicate DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Tumors of five mice for each treatment were examined to detect apoptosis.
Fig 3.
Immunohistochemistry staining of VEGF in tumor sections.
(A) Negative control; (B) tumors treated with10mg/kg Melatonin; (C) tumors treated with Propionibacterium acnes; (D) tumors treated with a combination of Melatonin and Propionibacterium acnes. Yellow to brown stained cytoplasm indicates VEGF expression. Arrows shows tumor cells with stained cytoplasm. Tumors of 5 mice were stained for each treatment to detect VEGF expression.
Fig 4.
Breast cancer liver metastasis.
(A) Negative control; (B) livers treated with10mg/kg Melatonin; (C) livers treated with Propionibacterium acnes; (D) livers treated with a combination of Melatonin and Propionibacterium acnes. Livers from five mice for each treatment were examined. Arrows point breast cancer cells between hepatocytes (cells in the background).
Table 2.
Effect of different treatments on serum levels of liver enzymes in tumor bearing mice (N = 5).
Table 3.
Serum levels of INF-γ and IL-4 for different treatments.