Fig 1.
Example of time course of EMG signals in vastus lateralis muscle of front leg.
Monophasic and biphasic EMG activation of vastus lateralis muscle of front leg of one participant in response to unchanged and decreased velocity conditions, respectively. Target start time was 0 s.
Table 1.
Absolute temporal error (ATE) and impact time from when a target starts to move (impact time) in response to unchanged and decreased velocity conditions.
Fig 2.
Outline of elapsed time from moment that target started to move until impact in response to unchanged and decreased velocity.
Data are shown as means and SD. Target start (■), Onset of EMG activation (●), time to peak EMG amplitude in response to unchanged condition and monophasic EMG pattern in decreased velocity condition (▲), time to peak EMG amplitude of first (△) and second (□) peaks in response to biphasic EMG pattern in decreased velocity condition, impact time (×).
Table 2.
Electromyographic onset from target start (EMG onset), time to peak EMG amplitude from target start (TP), latency time between onset of EMG and time to peak (Latency), and peak EMG amplitude (EMGmax) in response to unchanged and decreased velocity conditions.
Table 3.
Inter-subject correlations (r) between parameters (n = 11).
Fig 3.
Relationship between ATE and probability.
Relationship between absolute temporal error (ATE) in response to decreased velocity condition and probability that biphasic EMG pattern will appear in response to this condition.
Fig 4.
Schematic diagram of relationships between absolute temporal error (ATE) and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics.
Relationships: +, positive, p < 0.05; ++, positive, p < 0.01; --, negative, p < 0.01; -, negative, p < 0.05.