Fig 1.
Herbivore-induced changes in foliar invertase activity and phenolic accumulation are determined by orthostichy.
(A) A. thaliana rosette depicting leaves within (red) and outside (blue) of the damaged orthostichy. Asterisk denotes the middle-aged leaf targeted for herbivore damage. Cell-wall (B) and soluble (C) invertase activities were measured 48h following damage of P. rapae or S. exigua larva to leaf 7. Foliar accumulation of total phenolics (D), anthocyanins (E), flavonoids (F) were also quantified within and outside of the damaged orthostichy. All bars represent means ±SE. n = 20/treatment group. Results of two-way analysis of variance are shown. Asterisks indicate significant differences between clip-caged control and herbivore elicited plants for a given leaf type (P < 0.05 Tukey’s post hoc comparisons).
Fig 2.
Herbivore-induced phenolic accumulation is dependent on the presence of intact source leaves.
The accumulation of total phenolics (A,B), anthocyanins (C,D) and flavonoids (E,F) were measured locally, within herbivore-damaged leaves (A,C,E), and in young, systemic leaves (B,D,F). Bars represent means ±SE. n = 16/treatment group. Results of analysis of variance are summarized in Tables A-C in S1 File. Asterisks indicate significant differences between clip-caged control and herbivore-damaged plants for a given leaf type (P < 0.05 Tukey’s post hoc comparisons).
Fig 3.
Herbivore-induced changes in foliar phenolic accumulation is independent of intact AtSUC2 function.
Herbivore-damaged leaves (A,C,E), and young, systemic leaves (B,D,F) are shown in red. Total phenolics (A,B), anthocyanins (C,D) and flavonoids (E,F) were measured 48h following damage by P. rapae or S. exigua larvae to wild-type (WT) and AtSUC2-silenced plants (suc2-1). Bars represent means ±SE. n = 8/treatment group. Results of analysis of variance are summarized in Tables D-F in S1 File. Asterisks indicate significant differences between clip-caged control and herbivore-damaged plants for a given leaf type (P < 0.05 Tukey’s post hoc comparisons).