Fig 1.
Phylogenetic tree constructed from 39 SSU rDNA sequences of litostomatean ciliates.
Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood (ML), posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (BI) and bootstrap values from maximum parsimony (MP), respectively. GenBank accession numbers are given after names of species. Newly sequenced species are marked with a red. Scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. * Designated as Kentrophyllum strumosum sp. n. in present work. ** Designated as Kentrophyllum shenzhenense (Pan et al., 2010) comb. n. in present work.
Table 1.
Morphological comparison of all known species of Kentrophyllum.
Fig 2.
Kentrophyllum bispinum sp. n.; living individual (A-D, E, F, I) and cells stained with protargol (G, H, J, K).
A. Right lateral view of representative specimen. B. Distribution of extrusomes and developed nematodesmata (arrowhead). C, D. Ciliary patterns of right (C) and left (D) side; arrowheads, perioral kinety 2. E, I. Right lateral view. Arrows, contractile vacuoles; arrowheads, double-spines. F. Right lateral view, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). G. Anterior part of right side, showing the anterior suture (arrowheads). H. Anterior part of right side; arrows indicate the perioral kinety 1. J. Posterior part of left side showing the posterior suture (arrowheads). K. Distribution of extrusomes; arrowheads, oral slit. Ma, macronuclear nodules; DB, dorsal brush; PK1, perioral kinety 1; PK2, perioral kinety 2. Scale bars, 100 μm.
Table 2.
Morphometric dataa of Kentrophyllum verrucosum (1st line), K. bispinum n. sp. (2nd line) and K. strumosum n. sp. (3rd line).
Fig 3.
Kentrophyllum strumosum sp. n.; living individual (A-D, E-G, I, J) and cells stained with protargol (H, K, L).
A. Right lateral view of representative specimen. B. Left lateral view, showing distribution of extrusomes and warts (arrowheads). C, D. Ciliary patterns of right (C) and left (D) side; arrows, perioral kinety 2. E. Right lateral view, showing erose posterior (double arrowheads) and warts (arrowheads). F, I. Anterior part of left side showing extrusomes in the warts and suture (arrowhead). G. Posterior part of left side showing grooves (arrowheads) and erose posterior (double arrowheads). H. Anterior part of right side indicating suture (arrows). J. Lateral side view, showing the arched left side (arrowhead). K. Posterior part of left side, showing suture (arrowheads). L. Right lateral view, showing perioral kinety 2 (arrowheads). Ma, macronuclear nodules. DB, dorsal brush; PK1, perioral kinety 1; PK2, perioral kinety 2. Scale bars, 100 μm.
Fig 4.
Kentrophyllum verrucosum; living individuals (A–H, L–N) and cells stained with protargol (I-K).
A. Right lateral view of representative specimen. B. Left lateral view of representative specimen. C, D. Right lateral views of contracted specimens; arrowheads, contractile vacuoles; arrows, extrusomes. E, K. Margin of cell under higher magnification; arrowheads, spines. F. Posterior part of left side, showing grooves (arrowheads). G. Right lateral view showing warts (arrowheads). H. Anterior part of left side showing peribuccal papillae (arrowheads). I. Middle part of right side showing somatic kineties (arrowheads). J. Right lateral view. Arrows, perioral kinety 2; arrowheads, warts. L. Distribution (arrowhead) and development (arrow) of nematodesmata. M, N. Ciliary patterns of right (M) and left (N) sides; arrows, perioral kinety 1. Ma, macronuclear nodules. DB, dorsal brush; PK1, perioral kinety 1; PK2, perioral kinety 2. Scale bars, 100 μm.
Fig 5.
Kentrophyllum qingdaoense sp. n.; photomicrographs of SEM (A–H).
A, B. Right lateral views. Arrowheads, suture; arrows, single spine; double-headed arrows, pores of contractile vacuoles. C, E. Left lateral views. Arrowheads, macronuclear nodules. D, F. Right lateral views, indicating the pores of contractile vacuoles (arrows). G. Posterior part of right side, showing single spines (arrows). H. Body margin (arrowheads). Scale bars, 50 μm.