Fig 1.
Flow chart of subject recruitment, group allocation and analysis.
Fig 2.
Schematic overview of study design.
Table 1.
Macronutrient composition and calcium content of standardised diets for the control (CON) and calcium-rich (CAL) trials.
Table 2.
Example pre-exercise breakfast meal for control (CON) and calcium-rich (CAL) trials for a 60 kg cyclist.
Fig 3.
Serum concentrations of biomarkers for bone turn over, calcium homeostasis and haematocrit before and after control (CON) and calcium-rich (CAL) meal conditions and exercise.
Mean ± 95% CI Haematocrit (Hct; A); ionized cacium (iCa: B); and concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH: C); cross linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I: D); cross linked C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II: E); procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (PINP: F); and at each time point for control (CON: open circles) and calcium (CAL: solid squares) trials. Blood samples were taken pre-trial at T = -15 min; pre-exercise at T = 115 min; and post-exercise at all subsequent time points. *Significant difference (p < 0.05) between trial meal conditions at the indicated time point
Table 3.
Bone mineral density in female cyclists.