Fig 1.
Flow diagram of literature search and study selection.
Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Systematic Reviews/Meta-analyses.
Table 2.
Characteristics of Primary Studies.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Delirium Prevention in Surgical Setting.
Table 3.
Elements of the multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions across primary studies.
Fig 2.
Risk of Bias of Primary Studies of Multicomponent Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Delirium.
✔low risk of bias? unclear risk of bias X high risk of bias; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial; CCT, Controlled Clinical Trial; BAS before-after studies (*) post-acute skilled nursing facilities.
Table 4.
GRADE quality of evidence summary table for the comparisons of multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions with usual care for delirium prevention or treatment.
Fig 3.
Forest plot of risk ratios comparing multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions vs usual care for delirium prevention in older patients in surgical setting.
Table 5.
Characteristics of Primary Studies—Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Delirium Prevention in Medical Setting.
Fig 4.
Forest plot of risk ratios comparing multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions vs usual care for delirium prevention in older patients in medical setting.
Table 6.
Characteristics of Included Primary Studies—Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Delirium Treatment.
Table 7.
Characteristics of Included Primary Studies—Single-Component Based Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Delirium Prevention.
Fig 5.
Risk of Bias of Primary Studies of Single Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Prevention of Delirium.
✔low risk of bias? unclear risk of bias X high risk of bias; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial; CCT, Controlled Clinical Trial; BAS before-after studies; (*) Geriatric Risk Assessment MedGuide software.
Table 8.
GRADE quality of evidence summary table for the comparisons of single component non-pharmacological interventions with usual care for delirium prevention.