Fig 1.
Map of the sampled landscape (7,140 ha) within Fort Leonard Wood (FLW), Missouri. Major land cover types are indicated by different colors and all known ponds (white dots) are shown.
Fig 2.
Examples of water bodies sampled for larval amphibians at Fort Leonard Wood (FLW), Missouri.
Road rut (upper left), permanent farm pond (upper right), seasonal pond (lower right), and a dried seasonal pond (lower left).
Table 1.
Summary of the species composition in ephemeral ponds, permanent ponds without fish, and permanent ponds with fish in the area sampled at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri.
Fig 3.
Species richness, effective number of species, and mean density of amphibians in ponds at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri in relationship to pond area.
Hydroperiod was assigned into four categories: ephemeral (red), summer (yellow), semi-permanent (green), and permanent (blue; see Methods). Each dot represents one pond.
Fig 4.
Species richness, effective number of species, and mean density of amphibians in ponds at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri in relationship to pond area.
Species richness, effective number of species, and mean density of amphibians across pond area in ponds at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri in relationship to the presence (red) or absence (blue) of fish (see Methods). Each dot represents one pond.
Fig 5.
Model fit for species richness, effective number of species, and mean density of amphibians in ponds at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri for 2012 and 2013 in relationship to log (pond area m2).
Vertical lines indicate the pond area where the curve peaks, and shaded areas indicate 95% prediction intervals around this mean.
Table 2.
Pond area at peak of response curve, parameter estimates (± S.E.) and model fit based on likelihood ratio tests for the best supported models of amphibian richness, diversity and abundance.
Table 3.
Summary tables of generalized linear mixed effects models fit with a binomial distribution.