Fig 1.
Inclusion and exclusion flow chart.
Table 1.
Subject characteristics by retinopathy category
Fig 2.
Difference between PDR and NDR in PAD as defined by 3 tools.
Fig 2A: ABI category. In the PDR patients, 16 (28.1%), 32 (56.1%) and 9 (15.8%) had low, normal and high ABI, respectively. In the NDR patients, 16 (14.3%), 89 (79.5%) and 7 (6.2%) had low, normal and high ABI, respectively. Patients with PDR had higher proportion of abnormal ABI (low ABI or high ABI) than diabetes patients without retinopathy (P<0.05).
Fig 2B: TBI category. PDR group had higher proportion of abnormal TBI than NDR: 73.7% (42/57) vs. 38.4% (43/112), P<0.01.
Fig 2C: duplex ultrasound category. In PDR patients, 3 (5.3%), 42 (73.7%) and 12 (21.1%) had normal, borderline, and abnormal duplex respectively. In NDR patients, 23 (20.5%), 78 (69.6%) and 11 (9.8%) had normal, borderline, and abnormal duplex, respectively. The proportion of patients with abnormal duplex ultrasound was significantly higher in the PDR group than in the NDR group (21.1% vs 9.8%, P<0.001).
Table 2.
Logistic regression model with the dependent variable as abnormal ABI, abnormal TBI, abnormal duplex, and critical limb ischemia respectively.