Table 1.
Phenotypic characteristics of representive strains isolated from paddy rice silages.
Table 2.
API 50 CH fermentation patterns of isolated latic acid bacteria from paddy rice silages.
Fig 1.
Phylogenetic tree showing the relative positions of isolates R 413, R 419, R420, R 421, R 423 and R 442 as referred by the neighbor-joining method of complete 16S rDNA sequences.
Bootstrap values for 100 replicates are shown at the nodes of the tree. Bacillus subtilis is used as an outgroup. The bar indicates 1% sequence divergence. Ln. = Leuconostoc; Lc. = Lactococcus; P. = Pediococcus; and E. = Enterococcus. Knuc = nucleotide substitution rate.
Fig 2.
Phylogenetic tree showing the relative positions of isolates R 422 and R 465 as referred by the neighbor-joining method of complete 16S rDNA sequences.
Bootstrap values for 100 replicates are shown at the nodes of the tree. Bacillus subtilis is used as an outgroup. The bar indicates 1% sequence divergence. L. = Lactobacillus. Knuc = nucleotide substitution rate.
Fig 3.
Amplification products obtained from the recA multiplex assay.
Lane M contained a 600 bp PLUS DNA ladder (Tiangen Biotech Co, Ltd., Beijing, China). Lanes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, PCR amplication products from L. casei JCM 16167T (negative control), L. paraplantarum JCM 12533T, L. pentosus JCM 1558T, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum JCM 1149T and L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis JCM 16169T, respectively; Lane 6, PCR amplification product from R 422.
Table 3.
The fermentation quality and viable microorganism of paddy rice silages at 60d of ensiling in 2013.
Table 4.
The fermentation quality and viable microorganism of paddy rice silages at 60d of ensiling in 2014.