Fig 1.
PCA scores plot of the lungs, liver, and kidneys after naphthalene treatments.
PCA scores plot show the grouping of the NMR spectra of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites extracted from the lungs (a), liver (b), and kidneys (c) of mice after various naphthalene treatments. ◆/―: control (vehicle), ■/—-: single challenge dose, ▲/…: repeated naphthalene treatment. Ellipses represent the mean ± SD of PC scores along PC axes for each group.
Table 1.
Significant changes of hydrophilic metabolites from the lung, liver, and kidney of mice after various naphthalene treatments.
Table 2.
Significant changes of hydrophobic metabolites from the lung, liver, and kidney of mice after various naphthalene treatments.
Fig 2.
Pathway illustrating metabolite changes in the lung after naphthalene treatments.
Simplified pathway illustrating metabolite changes in the lung after different naphthalene treatments. A ↑ and ↓ at first and second position indicates changes (p <0.05 by Scheffé’s method) in the single challenge dose and repeated naphthalene treatment groups, respectively, relative to the control. The ratio of the repeated treatment group and the single dose challenged group is given at the last position. “–”indicates insignificant changes in the metabolites.
Fig 3.
Pathway illustrating metabolite changes in the liver after naphthalene treatments.
Simplified pathway illustrating metabolite changes in the liver after different naphthalene treatments. A ↑ and ↓ at first and second position indicates changes (p <0.05 by Scheffé’s method) in the single challenge dose and repeated naphthalene treatment groups, respectively, relative to the control. The ratio of the repeated treatment group and the single dose challenged group is given at the last position. “–”indicates insignificant changes in the metabolites.
Fig 4.
Pathway illustrating metabolite changes in the kidney after naphthalene treatments.
Simplified pathway illustrating metabolite changes in the kidney after different naphthalene treatments. A ↑ and ↑ at first and second position indicates changes (p <0.05 by Scheffé’s method) in the single challenge dose and repeated naphthalene treatment groups, respectively, relative to the control. The ratio of the repeated treatment group and the single dose challenged group is given at the last position. “–”indicates insignificant changes in the metabolites.