Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with parathyroidectomy.
Table 2.
Preoperative and postoperative biochemical values for dialysis patients following parathyroidectomy.
Fig 1.
Effects of PTH withdrawal on osteoblast proliferation.
Cells were grown in microtiter plates in a final volume of 200 μL culture medium per well for 2–20 days. MTT assays were performed after 48 h. (A) Cell proliferation appears to be downregulated in the first 8 days, and inhibited after 10 days of culture in the continuously-treated bPTH groups. The effect of inhibition increases with the concentration of bPTH. (B) Although osteoblast proliferation coordinately declined in the PTH-C 100 ng/mL and PTH Day 1–10 groups, it rebounded after bPTH withdrawal in the PTH Day 1–10 group. *Significantly different compared to the PTH-C 100 ng/mL group at the same time point, P < 0.05.
Fig 2.
Effects of PTH withdrawal on AKP activity.
In control cultures, AKP activity increased with time and reached a plateau after 14 days. In contrast, AKP activity declined from day 4 to day 10 and did not increase over time in the continuous PTH cultures. In the PTH Day 1–10 group that was treated with bPTH on days 1 to 10, AKP activity rebounded after withdrawal of bPTH and was significantly higher than controls and continuously bPTH-treated cells from day 16. AKP activity did not fully recover until day 20. *, #Significantly different compared to control at the same time point, P < 0.05.
Fig 3.
AKP activity of osteoblasts was evaluated by histochemical staining. AKP granules that are abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of mature osteoblasts were stained red-brown with purple nuclei. The control group had the highest AKP activity of all groups. AKP granules in the PTH Day 1–10 group exhibited light red staining, while reddish staining was observed in the PTH-C 0.1 ng/mL group, and red-brown staining was observed in controls. AKP activity was weakest in the PTH-C 100 ng/mL group and few AKP granules were formed.
Fig 4.
Effects of PTH withdrawal on mineralization.
Mineralized nodule formation was assessed by Alizarin red S (ARS) staining 20 days after differentiation. The blank control group without the supplement of bPTH and the osteogenic induction in the cell culture was performed as a negative control. Original magnification 100×.
Fig 5.
Effects of PTH withdrawal on calcium and phosphorus in culture.
Calcium and phosphorus derived from control and bPTH treated cultures at different time points. In the control group, there was a gradual decline of calcium and phosphorus content that reached a plateau after day 16. Similarly, calcium and phosphorus content slowly decreased with time in continuous bPTH cultures. Although the initial calcium and phosphorus content in cultures treated with transient bPTH decreased more slowly than in controls, they showed a rapid decline after bPTH withdrawal on day 10 and attained similar levels as control. *, #Significantly different compared with control at the same time point, P< 0.05.