Table 1.
Description of sampling points of Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles in the Espinhaço mountain range, southeastern Brazil.
Fig 1.
Sampling points of Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles in the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil.
Sampling points of Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles in the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil, used for quantification of fluctuating asymmetry and anthropogenic modification of the landscape (measured as percent cover of human soil use classes) around sampling points.
Fig 2.
Examples of 2.5 km buffers used to quantify human occupancy (i.e., soil use classes) around two B. saxicola tadpole sampling points.
Examples of 2.5 km buffers used to quantify human occupancy (i.e., soil use classes) around two B. saxicola tadpole sampling points: 17 (above) and 2 (below) (numbers are like in Table 1). The large constructed area close to sampling point 17 is a mine.
Fig 3.
Traits used for quantification of fluctuating asymmetry in Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles.
Traits used for quantification of fluctuating asymmetry in Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles included (A) denticle rows named A and B1 that correspond to the ones immediately anterior and caudal to the beak, respectively and (B) the closest distance from eye to nostril. Arrows indicate the central interval of denticle rows A and B1 in the tadpole’s mouth (A). Eye-nostril distance is indicated on a tadpole in its natural habitat (B).
Table 2.
Results of the two-way ANOVAs examining the relative magnitudes of FA plus antisymmetry and measurement error for the two traits of Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles (counts of denticles on either side of the mid-row gap in labial tooth rows A and B1) that showed normally distributed variation, and thus did not exhibit directional asymmetry.
Fig 4.
Relationships between FA levels in B. saxicola tadpoles and extent of anthropogenic modification of the landscape.
Relationships between FA levels in B. saxicola tadpoles and extent of anthropogenic modification of the landscape (measured as percent cover of human soil use classes) considering buffers of (A) 368 m and (B) 2.5 km around tadpole sampling points.