Fig 1.
Molecular identification of M. javanica detected by primers Fjav/Rjav and M. incognita by Finc/Rinc (A); the female perineal pattern of M. javanica showing two obvious lateral lines (B); the hyaline tail observed in J2 of M. javanica (C); the infection of J2s from C11 of M. javanica in banana roots (D); phylogenetic tree of the sequence of nematode C11 (E).
Bars: B, C 10 μm; D 100 μm.
Fig 2.
Effects of different concentrations of Camellia seed cake extract on the corrected mortality of M. javanica J2s (A); and the corrected hatching ratio of eggs (B).
Fig 3.
Morphological variations of M. javanica J2s (the whole body (A), anterior part of the body (B), tail region (C), junction region of esophagus and intestine (D) and intestine (E)) after treatment with 5 g/L Camellia seed cake extract for different times.
Bars: 10 μm.
Fig 4.
Morphological variations of M. javanica eggs after treatment with 5 g/L Camellia seed cake extract.
The egg treated with 5 g/L extract at 72 h (A) and the egg treated with water control (B). Bars: 10 μm.
Fig 5.
The effects of the re-dissolved extracts on the number of M. javanica J2s (A) and saponin detected by HPLC-MS (include HPLC profile (B), total ion chromatogram (C) and ESI-MS identification (D)).
DAD: Diode-Array Detector; BPC: Base Peak Chromatogram.
Fig 6.
Effects of volatile components (VOCs) from Camellia seed cake extract on the M. javanica J2s (A) and the GC profiles for VOCs produced by the Camellia seed cake (B).
The compounds corresponding to the retention times 0.83, 2.16, 3.12, 3.22, 3.59, 3.7, 3.91, 4.31, 5.29, 5.33, 5.39, 5.48, 5.65, 6.72, 6.99, 7.96, 8.19, 8.64 were designated as products A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q and R, respectively.
Table 1.
Compounds from Camellia seed cake identified by GC-MS.
Table 2.
Nematicidal compounds from Camellia seed cake identified by GC-MS.
Table 3.
Effects of application of Camellia seed cake on biomass and egg masses densities of banana plants 60 days after transplantation in the pot experiments (first-season).
Table 4.
Effects of application of Camellia seed cake on biomass and nematode densities of banana plants 60 days after transplantation in the pot experiments (second-season).
Table 5.
Effects of application of Camellia seed cake on biomass and nematode densities of banana plants 60 days after transplantation in the pot experiments (third-season).